Product references — Vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol)

Aloia, J., et al. 2010. Serum vitamin D metabolites and intestinal calcium absorption efficiency in women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20660223 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Arends, S., et al. 2010. The relation between bone mineral density, bone turnover markers, and vitamin D status in ankylosing spondylitis patients with active disease: A cross-sectional analysis. Osteoporos. Int. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20603707 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Bartoszewska, M., et al. 2010. Vitamin D, muscle function, and exercise performance. Pediatr. Clin. North Am., 57 (3), 849–861. Review. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20538161 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Bhan, A., et al. 2010. Osteomalacia as a result of vitamin D deficiency. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am., 39 (2), 321–331. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20511054 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Bojadzievski, A., et al. 2010. The relative influence of calcium intake and vitamin D status on serum parathyroid hormone and bone turnover biomarkers in a double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group, longitudinal factorial design. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 39 (7), 3216–3224. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20463100 (accessed 08.17.2010).

Borrelli, F., & Ernst, E. 2010. Alternative and complementary therapies for the menopause. Maturitas, 66 (4), 333–343. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20580501 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Carnevale, V., et al. 2010. Regulation of PTH secretion by 25-hydroxyvitamin D and ionized calcium depends on vitamin D status: A study in a large cohort of healthy subjects. Bone. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20601288 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Chailurkit, L., et al. 2010. Vitamin D status and bone heatlh in healthy Thai elderly women. Nutrition. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20392596 (accessed 05.14.2010).

Cozzolino, M., et al. 2010. The vitamin D system: A crosstalk between the heart and kidney. Eur. J. Heart Fail. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20605845 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Dhanwal, D., et al. 2010. Hypovitaminosis D and bone mineral metabolism and bone density in hyperthyroidism. J. Clin. Densitom. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20663698 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Dennehy, C., & Tsourounis, C. 2010. A review of select vitamins and minerals used by postmenopausal women. Maturitas, 66 (4), 370–380. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20580500 (accessed 08.02.2010).

Ding, C., et al. 2010. What can we learn about osteoarthritis by studying a healthy person against a person with early onset of disease? Curr. Opin. Rheumatol., 22 (5), 520–527. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20592606 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Funakoshi, Y., et al. 2010. Relation of bone mineral density to vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and lifestyle factors in Japanese female workers aged 22-44 years: A cross-sectional study. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo), 56 (1), 27-33. URL (PDF): http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jnsv/56/1/27/_pdf (accessed 05.14.2010).

Glew, R., et al. 2010. Vitamin D status of seminomadic Fulani men and women. J. Natl. Med. Assoc., 102 (6), 485–490. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20575213 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Goltzman, D. 2010. Emerging roles for calcium-regulating hormones beyond osteolysis. Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 21 (8), 512–518. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20605729 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Greene, D., & Naughton, G. 2010. Calcium and vitamin-D supplementation on bone structural properties in peripubertal female identical twins: A randomised controlled trial. Osteoporos. Int. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20544178 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Halliday, T., et al. 2010. Vitamin D status relative to diet, lifestyle, injury and illness in college athletes. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20543748 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Holick, M. 2010. Vitamin D: Extraskeletal health. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am., 39 (2), 381–400. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20511059 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Holick, M., et al. 2010. Hop rho iso-alpha acids, berberine, vitamin D3 and vitamin K1 favorably impact biomarkers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women in a 14-week trial. J. Bone Miner. Metab., 28 (3), 342–350. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20024591 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Kärkkäinen M, et al. 2010. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density in women aged 65–71 years: A 3-year randomized population-based trial (OSTPRE-FPS). Osteoporos. Int. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20204604 (accessed 05.14.2010).

Kuwabara, A., et al. 2010. Hypovitaminosis D and K are highly prevalent and independent of overall malnutrition in the institutionalized elderly. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 19 (1), 49-56. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20199987 (accessed 05.17.2010).

Larson–Meyer, D., & Willis, K. 2010. Vitamin D and athletes. Curr. Sports Med. Rep., 9 (4), 220–226. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20622540 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Leidig–Bruckner, G., et al. 2010. Are commonly recommended dosages for vitamin D supplementation too low? Vitamin D status and effects of supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels — an observational study during clinical practice conditions. Osteoporos. Int. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20556359 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Mallet, E., et al. 2010. [Administration of a single winter oral dose of 200,000 IU of vitamin D3 in adolescents in Normandy: evaluation of the safety and vitamin D status obtained.] Arch. Pediatr., 17 (7), 1042–1046. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20542672 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Massey, P., et al. 2010. Enhancement of calcium/vitamin D supplement efficacy by administering concomitantly three key nutrients essential to bone collagen matrix for the treatment of osteopenia in middle-aged women: a one-year follow-up. J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr., 46 (1), 20-29. URL: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jcbn/46/1/46_20/_article (accessed 05.14.2010).

Mata–Granados, J., et al. 2010. Vitamin D deficiency and high serum levels of vitamin A increase the risk of osteoporosis evaluated by Quantitative Ultrasound Measurements (QUS) in postmenopausal Spanish women. Clin. Biochem. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20599880 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Mazzantini, M., et al. 2010. Long-term prospective study of osteoporotic patients treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty after fragility fractures. Osteoporos. Int. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20661546 (accessed 08.03.2010).

McClung, J., & Karl, J. 2010. Vitamin D and stress fracture: The contribution of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms. Nutr. Rev., 68 (6), 365–369. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20536781 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Nakamura, K., et al. 2010. Vitamin D sufficiency is associated with low incidence of limb and vertebral fractures in community-dwelling elderly Japanese women: The Muramatsu Study. Osteoporos. Int. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20333358 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Nogues, X., et al. 2010. Vitamin D deficiency and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women receiving aromatase inhibitors for early breast cancer. Maturitas. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20399042 (accessed 05.14.2010).

Norman, A., & Bouillon, R. 2010. Vitamin D nutritional policy needs a vision for the future. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood). [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20667908 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Ooi, L., et al. 2010. Vitamin D deficiency promotes growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer in a rodent model of osteosclerotic bone metastasis. Bone. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20638491 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Ooi, L., et al. 2010. Vitamin D deficiency promotes human breast cancer growth in a murine model of bone metastasis. Cancer Res., 70 (5), 1835-1844. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20160035 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Ramagopalan, S., et al. 2010. A ChIP-seq defined genome-wide map of vitamin D receptor binding: Associations with disease and evolution. Genome Res. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (PDF): http://genome.cshlp.org/content/early/2010/08/20/gr.107920.110.full.pdf+html (accessed 09.01.2010).

Verschueren, S., et al. 2010. The effects of whole body vibration training and vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength, muscle mass and bone density in institutionalised elderly women — a 6-month randomised controlled trial. J. Bone Miner. Res. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20648661 (accessed 08.03.2010).

von Essen, M., et al. 2010. Vitamin D controls T cell antigen receptor signaling and activation of human T cells. Nat. Immunol. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20208539 (accessed 03.12.2010).

von Hurst, P., et al. 2010. Vitamin D supplementation suppresses age-induced bone turnover in older women who are vitamin D deficient. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20304051 (accessed 05.14.2010).

Xu, D., et al. 2010. Preventive effects of berberine on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats. Planta Med. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20577944 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Bergink, A., et al. 2009. Vitamin D status, bone mineral density, and the development of radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee: The Rotterdam Study. J. Clin. Rheumatol., 15 (5), 230–237. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19654490 (accessed 05.14.2010).

Chung, M., et al. 2009. Vitamin D and calcium: a systematic review of health outcomes. Evid. Rep. Technol. Assess. (183), 1–420. Review. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20629479 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Malhotra, N., et al. 2009. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone health parameters of healthy young Indian women. Arch. Osteoporos., 4 (1–2), 47–53. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2836750/?tool=pubmed (accessed 05.14.2010).

Iwamoto, J., et al. 2009. Prevention of hip fractures by exposure to sunlight and pharmacotherapy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Aging Clin. Exp. Res., 21 (4–5), 277–281. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19959915 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Nurmi–Lüthje, I., et al. 2009. Post-fracture prescribed calcium and vitamin D supplements alone or, in females, with concomitant anti-osteoporotic drugs is associated with lower mortality in elderly hip fracture patients: A prospective analysis. Drugs Aging, 26 (5), 409–421. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19552493 (accessed 06.30.2010).

Priemel, M., et al. 2009. Bone mineralization defects and vitamin D deficiency: Histomorphometric analysis of iliac crest bone biopsies and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 675 patients. J. Bone Miner. Res. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19594303 (accessed 05.14.2010).

Rivas, A., et al. 2009. [Validation of questionnaires for the study of food habits and bone mass.] Nutr. Hosp., 24 (5), 521–528. URL (PDF): http://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/nh/v24n5/original1.pdf (accessed 07.30.2010).

Stechschulte, S., et al. 2009. Vitamin D: bone and beyond, rationale and recommendations for supplementation. Am. J. Med., 122 (9), 793–802. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19699370 (accessed 08.17.2010).

Vieth, R. 2009. How to optimize vitamin D supplementation to prevent cancer, based on cellular adaptation and hydroxylase enzymology. Anticancer Res., 29 (9), 3675-3684. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19667164 (accessed 05.14.2010).

Bischoff–Ferrari, H., & Staehelin, H. 2008. Importance of vitamin D and calcium at older age. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res., 78 (6), 286–292. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19685438 (accessed 06.30.2010).

Aloia, J., et al. 2008. Vitamin D intake to attain a desired serum 25–hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 87 (6), 1952–1958. URL (abstract): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/87/6/1952 (accessed 06.10.2008).

Anderson, P., et al. 2008. Vitamin D depletion induces RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and bone loss in a rodent model. J. Bone Miner. Res., 23 (11), 1789–1797. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18597628 (accessed 05.14.2010).

Brown, S. 2008. Vitamin D and fracture reduction: An evaluation of the existing research. Altern. Med. Rev., 13 (1), 21–33. URL (PDF): http://www.thorne.com/altmedrev/.fulltext/13/1/21.pdf (accessed 04.01.2008).

Cannell, J., et al. 2008. Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency. Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 9 (1), 107–118. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18076342 (accessed 04.01.2008).

Cannell, J., & Hollis, B. 2008. Use of vitamin D in clinical practice. Altern. Med. Rev., 13 (1), 6–20. URL (PDF): http://www.thorne.com/altmedrev/.fulltext/13/1/6.pdf (accessed 04.01.2008).

Cantorna, M. 2008. Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: An update. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18844840 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Gigante, A., et al. 2008. Vitamin K and D association stimulates in vitro osteoblast differentiation of fracture site derived human mesenchymal stem cells. J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents, 22 (1), 35–44. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18394316 (accessed 01.02.2009).

Jacobs, E., et al. 2008. Vitamin D insufficiency in southern Arizona. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 87 (3), 608–613. URL (abstract): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/87/3/608 (accessed 09.02.2008).

Looker, A., & Mussolino, M. 2008. Serum 25–hydroxyvitamin D and hip fracture risk in older US white adults. J. Bone Miner. Res., 23 (1), 143–150. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17907920 (accessed 01.12.2009).

Maalouf, J., et al. 2008. Short- and long-term safety of weekly high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation in school children. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 93 (7), 2693–2701. URL (abstract): http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/93/7/2693 (accessed 06.10.2008).

NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. 2008. Dietary supplement fact sheet: Vitamin D. URL: http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind.asp#h2 (accessed 09.03.2008).

Norman, A. 2008. From vitamin D to hormone D: Fundamentals of the vitamin D endocrine essential for good health. Am.J. Clin. Nutr, 88 (2), 491S–499S. URL: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/88/2/491S (accessed 09.18.2008).

Palomar, X., et al. 2008. Role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes. Metab., 10 (3), 185–197. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18269634 (accessed 09.15.2008).

Vasquez, A., & Stone, M. 2008. Vitamin D: How much is enough and how much is too much? Institute of Functional Medicine Fall Webinar Series.

Anastossios, G., et al. 2007. The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 92 (6), 2017–2029. URL: http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/92/6/2017 (accessed 12.12.2008).

Bischoff–Ferrari, H. 2007. Vitamin D and muscle function. Int. Congress Series, 1297, 143–147. URL (abstract):http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B7581-4NCDMP3-P&_user=10&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2007&_alid=841581049&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_cdi=12913&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=4&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=1c596945a4fae4915ef977b8cbd17af8 (accessed 12.16.2008).

Broe, K., et al. 2007. A higher dose of vitamin D reduces the risk of falls in nursing home residents: A randomized, multiple-dose study. JAGS, 55 (2), 234–239. URL (registration required): http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/553365 (accessed 01.13.2009).

Cranney, A., et al. 2007. Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health. Evid. Rep. Technol. Assess., (158), 1–235. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18088161 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Gorham, E., et al. 2007. Optimal vitamin D status for colorectal cancer prevention: A quantitative meta analysis. Am. J. Prev. Med., 32 (3), 210–216. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17296473 (accessed 09.18.2008).

Hathcock, J., et al. 2007. Risk assessment for vitamin D. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 85 (1), 6–18. URL: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/85/1/6 (accessed 09.02.2008).

Holick, M. 2007. Vitamin D deficiency. NEJM, 357 (3), 266–281. URL (subscription required): http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/357/3/266 (accessed 09.03.2008).

Knight, J., et al. 2007. Vitamin D and reduced risk of breast cancer: A population-based case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 16 (3), 422–429. URL: http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/16/3/422.long (accessed 12.11.2008).

Lappe, J., et al. 2007. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: Results of a randomized trial. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 85 (6), 1586–1591. URL: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/85/6/1586 (accessed 01.13.2009).

Pendás–Franco, N., et al. 2007. Vitamin D regulates the phenotype of human breast cancer cells. Differentiation, 75 (3), 193–207. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17288543 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Reichrath, J., et al. 2007. Vitamins as hormones. Horm. Metab. Res., 39 (2), 71–84. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17326003 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Robien, K., et al. 2007. Vitamin D intake and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: The Iowa Women’s Health Study. Cancer Causes Control, 18 (7), 775–782. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17549593 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Bischoff–Ferrari, H., et al. 2006. Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 84 (4), 18–28. URL: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/84/1/18 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Finkelstein, J. 2006. Calcium plus vitamin D for postmenopausal women — Bone appétit? NEJM, 354 (7), 750–752. URL (subscription required): http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejme068007 (accessed 05.27.2006).

Francis, R., et al. 2006. Calcium and vitamin D in the prevention of osteoporotic fractures. QJM, 99 (6), 355–363. URL: http://qjmed.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/99/6/355 (accessed 01.12.2009).

Garland, et al. 2006. The role of vitamin D in cancer prevention. Am. J. Public Health, 96 (2), 252–261. URL: http://www.ajph.org/cgi/content/full/96/2/252 (accessed 05.27.2006).

Jackson, et al. 2006. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures. NEJM, 354, (7) 669–683. URL: http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/354/7/669 (accessed 09.03.2008).

Correction to Jackson et al., NEJM, 354 (7) 669-683. February 16, 2006. URL: http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/354/10/2285 (accessed 05.23.2006).

Correction to Jackson et al., NEJM, 354 (7) 669-683. May 25, 2006. URL: http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/354/21/2285 (accessed 09.03.2008).

Javaid, M., et al. 2006. Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and childhood bone mass at age 9 years: A longitudinal study. The Lancet, 369 (9504), 36–43. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16399151 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Norman, A. 2006. Minireview: Vitamin D receptor: New assignments for an already busy receptor. Endocrinology, 147 (12), 5542–5548. URL: http://endo.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/147/12/5542 (accessed 09.18.2008).

Snijder, M. et al. 2006. Vitamin D status in relation to one-year risk of recurrent falling in older men and women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 91 (8), 2980–2985. URL: http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/91/8/2980 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Wolpowitz, D., & Gilchrest, B. 2006. The vitamin D questions: How much do you need and how should you get it? J. Am. Acad. Derm., 54 (2), 301–317. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16443061 (accessed 05.27.2006).

Andersen, R., et al. 2005. Teenage girls and elderly women living in northern Europe have low winter vitamin D status. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 59 (4), 533–541. URL: http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v59/n4/abs/1602108a.html (accessed 09.03.2008).

Bertone–Johnson, E., et al. 2005. Calcium and vitamin D intake and risk of incident premenstrual syndrome. Arch. Intern. Med., 165 (11), 1246–1252. URL: http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/165/11/1246 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Bischoff–Ferrari, H., et al. 2005. Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA, 293 (18), 2257–2264. Review. URL: http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/293/18/2257 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Bischoff–Ferrari, H., et al. 2005. Positive association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and bone density in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum., 53 (6), 821–826. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16342101 (accessed 01.12.2009).

Dawson–Hughes, B. 2005.The role of vitamin D in fracture prevention. BoneKEy-Osteovision, 2 (4), 6–10. URL (registration required): http://www.bonekey-ibms.org/cgi/reprint/ibmske;2/4/6 (accessed 01.13.2009).

Flicker, L., et al. 2005. Should older people in residential care receive vitamin D to prevent falls? Results of a randomized trial. J. Am. Geriatrics Soc., 53 (11), 1881. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16274368 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Giovannucci, E. 2005. The epidemiology of vitamin D and cancer incidence and mortality: A review (United States). Cancer Causes Control, 16 (2), 83–95. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15868450 (accessed 05.27.2006).

Gorham, E., et al. 2005. Vitamin D and prevention of colorectal cancer. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 97 (1–2), 179–194. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16236494 (accessed 05.27.2006).

Liu, S., et al. 2005. Dietary calcium, vitamin D, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older US women. Diabetes Care, 28 (12), 2926–2932. URL: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/12/2926 (accessed 09.03.2008).

Moore, C., et al. 2005. Vitamin D intakes by children and adults in the United States differ among ethnic groups. J. Nutr., 135 (10), 2478–2485. URL: http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/135/10/2478 (accessed 09.15.2008).

Sato, Y., et al. 2005. Amelioration of osteoporosis and hypovitaminosis D by sunlight exposure in hospitalized, elderly women with Alzheimer’s disease: A randomized controlled trial. J. Bone Miner. Res., 20 (8), 1327–1333. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16007329 (accessed 01.12.2009).

Steingrimsdottir, L., et al. 2005. Relationship between serum parathyroid hormone levels, vitamin D sufficiency, and calcium intake. JAMA, 294 (18), 2336–2341. URL: http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/294/18/2336 (accessed 09.15.2008).

Armas, L., et al. 2004. Vitamin D2 is much less effective than vitamin D3 in humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 89 (11), 5387–5391. URL: http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/89/11/5387 (accessed 09.15.2008).

Bischoff–Ferrari, H., et al. 2004. Effect of vitamin D on falls: A meta-analysis. JAMA, 291 (16), 1999–2006. URL: http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/291/16/1999 (accessed 12.10.2008).

Bischoff–Ferrari, H., et al. 2004. Higher 25–hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with better lower-extremity function in both active and inactive persons aged > 60 y. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 80 (3), 752–758. URL: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/80/3/752 (accessed 01.13.2009).

Chiu, K., et al. 2004. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 79 (5), 820–825 URL: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/79/5/820 (accessed 09.15.2008).

Holick, M. 2004. Vitamin D: Importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 79 (3), 362–371. URL: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/79/3/362 (accessed 12.10.2008).

Parikh, S. 2004. The relationship between obesity and serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D concentrations in healthy adults. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 89 (3), 1196–1199. URL: http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/89/3/1196 (accessed 05.26.2006).

VanAmerongen, B., et al. 2004. Multiple sclerosis and vitamin D: An update. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 58 (8), 1095–1109. URL (abstract): http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v58/n8/abs/1601952a.html (accessed 12.11.2008).

van Driel, M., et al. 2004. Osteoblast differentiation and control by vitamin D and vitamin D metabolites. Curr. Pharm. Des., 10 (21), 2535–2555. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15320744 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Vasquez, A., et al. 2004. The clinical importance of vitamin D (cholecalciferol): A paradigm shift with implications for all healthcare providers. Altern. Ther. Health Med., 10 (5), 28–36. URL (PDF): http://www.chineseherbacademy.org/Vitamin_D.pdf (accessed 12.11.2008).

Vieth, R. 2004. Why the optimal requirement for vitamin D3 is probably much higher than what is officially recommended for adults. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 89–90 (1–5), 575–579. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15225842 (accessed 09.03.2008).

Vieth, R., et al. 2004. Randomized comparison of the effects of the vitamin D3 adequate intake versus 100 mcg (4000 IU) per day on biochemical responses and the wellbeing of patients. Nutrition J., 3 (1), 8. URL: http://www.nutritionj.com/content/3/1/8 (accessed 05.27.2006).

Bischoff, H., et al. 2003. Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on falls: A randomized controlled trial. J. Bone Min. Res., 18 (2), 1999–2006. URL: http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/291/16/1999 (accessed 12.10.2008).

Borissova, A., et al. 2003. The effect of vitamin D3 on insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. Int. J. Clin. Pract., 57 (4), 258–261. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12800453 (accessed 09.15.2008).

Grau, M., et al. 2003. Vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and colorectal adenomas: Results of a randomized trial. J. Nat. Canc. Inst., 95 (23), 1765–1771. URL: http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/95/23/1765 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Heaney, R., et al. 2003. Calcium absorption varies within the reference range for serum 25–hydroxyvitamin D. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 22 (2), 142–146. URL: http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/22/2/142 (accessed 01.13.2009).

Heaney, R., et al. 2003. Human serum 25–hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing with cholecalciferol. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 77 (1), 204–210. URL: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/77/1/204 (accessed 09.05.2008).

Malabanan, A., & Holick, M. 2003. Vitamin D and bone health in postmenopausal women. J. Women’s Health (Larchmt.), 12 (2), 151–156. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12737713 (accessed 12.09.2008).

Trivedi, D., et al. 2003. Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community: Randomised double-blind controlled trial. BMJ, 326 (7387), 469. URL: http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/326/7387/469 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Chapuy, M., et al. 2002. Combined calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation in elderly women: Confirmation of reversal of secondary hyperparathyroidism and hip fracture risk. The Decalyos II study. Osteoporos. Int., 13 (3), 257–264. URL (accessed 01.13.2009). URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11991447 (accessed 01.13.2009).

European Commission, Health and Consumer Protection Directorate–General. 2002. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of Vitamin D. URL: http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out80_en.html (accessed 09.03.2008).

Janssen, H., et al. 2002. Vitamin D deficiency, muscle function, and falls in elderly people. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 75 (4), 611–615. URL: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/75/4/611 (accessed 01.13.2009).

Sigmund, C. 2002. Regulation of renin expression and blood pressure by vitamin D(3). J. Clin. Invest., 110 (2), 155–156. URL: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/16160 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Chatterjee, M. 2001. Vitamin D and genomic stability. Mutat. Res., 475(1–2), 69–87. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11295155 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Pfeifer, M., et al. 2001. Effects of a short-term vitamin D(3) and calcium supplementation on blood pressure and parathyroid hormone levels in elderly women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 86 (4), 1633–1637. URL: http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/86/4/1633 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Sato, Y., et al. 2001. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of hip fractures among disabled elderly stroke patients. Stroke, 32 (7), 1673–1677. URL: http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/32/7/1673 (accessed 01.13.2009).

Van Leeuwen, J., et al. 2001. Vitamin D control of osteoblast function and bone extracellular matrix mineralization. Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr., 11 (1–3), 199–226. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11693961 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Vieth, R., et al. 2001. Efficacy and safety of vitamin D3 intake exceeding the lowest observed adverse effect level. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73 (2), 288–294. URL: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/73/2/288 (accessed 09.10.2008).

Glerup, H., et al. 2000. Commonly recommended daily intake of vitamin D is not sufficient if sunlight exposure is limited. J. Int. Med., 247 (2), 260–268. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10692090 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Platz, E., et al. 2000. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxy- and 25-hydroxyvitamin D and adenomatous polyps of the distal colorectum. Cancer Epidem. Biomark. Prev., 9 (10), 1059–1065. URL: http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/full/9/10/1059 (accessed 12.11.2008).

John, E., et al. 1999. Vitamin D and breast cancer risk: The NHANES I Epidemiologic follow-up study, 1971–1975 to 1992. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 8 (5), 399–406. URL: http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/full/8/5/399 (accessed 12.11.2008).

LeBoff, M., et al. 1999. Occult vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal US women with acute hip fracture. JAMA, 281 (16), 1505–1511. URL: http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/281/16/1505 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Vieth, R. 1999. Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 69 (5), 842–856. URL: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/69/5/842 (accessed 09.03.2008).

Boucher, B. 1998. Inadequate vitamin D status: Does it contribute to the disorders comprising syndrome ‘X’? Br. J. Nutr., 79 (4), 315–327. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9624222 (accessed 09.15.2008).

Lansdowne, A., & Provost, S. 1998. Vitamin D3 enhances mood in healthy subjects during winter. Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 135 (4), 319–323. URL (abstract): http://www.springerlink.com/content/padt0xj3xk26llh3/ (accessed 05.27.2006).

Dawson–Hughes, B., et al. 1997. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. NEJM, 337 (10), 670–676. URL: http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/337/10/670 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Holick, M. 1995. Environmental factors that influence the cutaneous production of vitamin D. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 61 (Suppl.), 638–645. URL (PDF): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/61/3/638S.pdf (accessed 09.15.2008).

Chapuy, M., et al. 1994. Effect of calcium and cholecalciferol treatment for three years on hip fractures in elderly women. BMJ, 308 (6936), 1081–1082. URL: http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/308/6936/1081 (accessed 01.13.2009).

Need, A., et al. 1993. Effects of skin thickness, age, body fat, and sunlight on serum 25–hydroxyvitamin D. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 58 (6), 882–885. URL: (PDF): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/58/6/882.pdf (accessed 09.15.2008).

Chapuy, M., et al. 1992. Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in the elderly women. NEJM, 327 (23), 1637–1642. URL (abstract): http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/327/23/1637 (accessed 01.13.2009).