Product references — Vitamin K₁ & K₂

Ames, B. 2010. Optimal micronutrients delay mitochondrial decay and age-associated diseases. Mech. Ageing Dev. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20420847 (accessed 05.17.2010).

Borrelli, F., & Ernst, E. 2010. Alternative and complementary therapies for the menopause. Maturitas, 66 (4), 333–343. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20580501 (accessed 08.03.2010).

Dennehy, C., & Tsourounis, C. 2010. A review of select vitamins and minerals used by postmenopausal women. Maturitas, 66 (4), 370–380. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20580500 (accessed 08.02.2010).

Ediz, L., et al. 2010. Complex regional pain syndrome: A vitamin K dependent entity? Med. Hypotheses. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20378261 (accessed 05.17.2010).

Forli, L., et al. 2010. Dietary vitamin K2 supplement improves bone status after lung and heart transplantation. Transplantation, 89 (4), 458–464. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20177349 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Holick, M., et al. 2010. Hop rho iso-alpha acids, berberine, vitamin D3 and vitamin K1 favorably impact biomarkers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women in a 14-week trial. J. Bone Miner. Metab., 28 (3), 342–350. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20024591 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Hozuki, T., et al. 2010. Response of serum carboxylated and undercarboxylated osteocalcin to risedronate monotherapy and combined therapy with vitamin K(2) in corticosteroid-treated patients: A pilot study. Intern. Med., 49 (5), 371–376. URL (PDF): http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/internalmedicine/49/5/371/_pdf (accessed 08.04.2010).

Iwamoto, J., et al. 2010. Effects of vitamin K(2) on cortical and cancellous bone mass, cortical osteocyte and lacunar system, and porosity in sciatic neurectomized rats. Calcif. Tissue Int. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20556371 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Iwamoto, J., et al. 2010. Vitamin K2 promotes bone healing in a rat femoral osteotomy model with or without glucocorticoid treatment. Calcif. Tissue Int., 86 (3), 234–241. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20111958 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Kim, S., et al. 2010. Correlation of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) concentration and bone density with age in healthy Korean women. J. Korean Med. Sci., 25 (8), 1171–1175. URL: http://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2010.25.8.1171 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Kuwabara, A., et al. 2010. Hypovitaminosis D and K are highly prevalent and independent of overall malnutrition in the institutionalized elderly. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 19 (1), 49–56. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20199987 (accessed 05.17.2010).

Matsuda, T., et al. 2010. Inhibitory effect of vitamin K(2) on interleukin-1beta-stimulated proliferation of human osteoblasts. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 33 (5), 804-808. URL: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/33/5/33_804/_article (accessed 05.17.2010).

Nimptsch, K., et al. 2010. Dietary vitamin K intake in relation to cancer incidence and mortality: Results from the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Heidelberg). Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 91 (5), 1348–1358 URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20335553 (accessed 05.17.2010).

Okura, T., et al. 2010. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin is a biomarker of carotid calcification in patients with essential hypertension. Kidney Blood Press. Res., 33 (1), 66–71. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20197689 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Pan, Y., & Jackson, R. 2010. Dietary phylloquinone intakes and metabolic syndrome in US young adults. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 28 (4), 369–379. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20368375 (accessed 05.17.2010).

Sasaki, H., et al. 2010. Effects of combination treatment with alendronate and vitamin K(2) on bone mineral density and strength in ovariectomized mice. J. Bone Miner. Metab., 28 (4), 403–419. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20101424 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Shea, M., et al. 2010. Adulthood obesity is positively associated with adipose tissue concentrations of vitamin K and inversely associated with circulating indicators of vitamin K status in men and women. J. Nutr., 140 (5), 1029–1034. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20237066 (accessed 05.17.2010).

Shiraki, M., et al. 2010. High level of serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin in patients with incident fractures during bisphosphonate treatment. J. Bone Miner. Metab. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20221651 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Vanakker, O., et al. 2010. Low serum vitamin K in PXE results in defective carboxylation of mineralization inhibitors similar to the GGCX mutations in the PXE-like syndrome. Lab. Invest. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20368697 (accessed 05.17.2010).

Yamauchi, M., et al. 2010. Relationships between undercarboxylated osteocalcin and vitamin K intakes, bone turnover, and bone mineral density in healthy women. Clin. Nutr. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20332058 (accessed 08.05.2010).

Amizuka, N., et al. 2009. [Biological effects of vitamin K2 on bone quality.] Clin. Calcium, 19 (12), 1788–1796. Review. Japanese. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19949270 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Arunakul, M., et al. 2009. Level of undercarboxylated osteocalcin in hip fracture Thai female patients. J. Med. Assoc. Thai., 92 (Suppl. 5), S7–S11. [Erratum in: J. Med. Assoc. Thai., 2009 Dec;92(12):1712.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19891375 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Azuma, K., & Inoue, S. 2009. [Vitamin K function mediated by activation of steroid and xenobiotic receptor.] Clin. Calcium, 19 (12), 1770–1778. Review. Japanese. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19949268 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Bunyaratavej, N., et al. 2009. The role of vitamin K2 on osteoblastic functions by using stem cell model. J. Med. Assoc. Thai., 92 (Suppl. 5), S1–S3. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19894327 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Fisher, L., et al. 2009. Prevalence of vitamin K and vitamin D deficiency in patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic disorders. Nutr. Res., 29 (9), 676–683. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19854384 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Francucci, C., et al. 2009.Skeletal effects of oral anticoagulants. J. Endocrinol. Invest., 32 (4 Suppl.), 27–31. Review. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19724163 (accessed 08.05.2010).

Gast, G., et al. 2009. A high menaquinone reduces the incidence of coronary heart disease in women. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19179058 (accessed 12.16.2008).

Hosoi, T. 2009. [Clinical implications of undercarboxylated osteocalcin.] Clin. Calcium, 19 (12), 1815–1821. Review. Japanese. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19949273 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Iwamoto, J. 2009. [Anti-fracture efficacy of vitamin K.] Clin. Calcium, 19 (12), 1805–1814. Japanese. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19949272 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Iwamoto, J., et al. 2009. Prevention of hip fractures by exposure to sunlight and pharmacotherapy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Aging Clin. Exp. Res., 21 (4–5), 277–281. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19959915 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Koitaya, N., et al. 2009.  Effect of low dose vitamin K2 (MK-4) supplementation on bio-indices in postmenopausal Japanese women. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo), 55 (1), 15–21. URL: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jnsv/55/1/55_15/_article (accessed 8.17.10)

Pan, Y., & Jackson, R. 2009. Dietary phylloquinone intakes and metabolic syndrome in US young adults. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 28 (4), 369–379.URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20368375 (accessed 05.17.2010).

Rubinacci, A. 2009. Expanding the functional spectrum of vitamin K in bone. Focus on: “Vitamin K promotes mineralization, osteoblast to osteocyte transition, and an anti-catabolic phenotype by {gamma}-carboxylation-dependent and -independent mechanisms.” Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol., 297 (6), C1336–C1338. URL (no abstract available): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19828834 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Saito, M. 2009. [Effect of vitamin K on bone material properties.] Clin. Calcium, 19 (12), 1797–1804. Review. Japanese. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19949271 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Shearer, M. 2009. Vitamin K in parenteral nutrition. Gastroenterology, 137 (5 Suppl.), S105–S118. Review. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19874942 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Viegas, C., et al. 2009. Gla-rich protein is a novel vitamin K-dependent protein present in serum that accumulates at sites of pathological calcifications. Am. J. Pathol., 175 (6), 2288–2298. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19893032 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Tucker, K. 2009. Osteoporosis prevention and nutrition. Curr. Osteoporos. Rep., 7 (4), 111–117. Review. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19968914 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Amizuka, N., et al. 2008. Vitamin K2, a gamma-carboxylating factor of gla-proteins, normalizes the bone crystal nucleation impaired by Mg-insufficiency. Histol. Histopathol., 23 (11), 1353–1366. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18785118 (accessed 12.16.2008).

Beulens, J., et al. 2008. High dietary menaquinone intake is associated with reduced coronary calcification. Atherosclerosis, 203 (2), 489–493. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18722618 (accessed 12.19.2008).

Bügel, S. 2008. Vitamin K and bone health in adult humans. Vitam Horm., 78, 393–416. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18374202 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Cheung, A., et al. 2008. Vitamin K supplementation in postmenopausal women with osteopenia (ECKO trial): A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med., 5 (10), 1–12. URL http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=18922041 (accessed 01.12.2009).

Cranenburg, E., et al. 2008. The circulating form of matrix Gla protein (ucMGP) as a biomarker for cardiovascular calcification. J. Vasc. Res., 45 (5), 427–436. URL: http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?typ=fulltext&file=000124863 (accessed 12.12.2008).

Gigante, A., et al. 2008. Vitamin K and D association stimulates in vitro osteoblast differentiation of fracture site derived human mesenchymal stem cells. J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents, 22 (1), 35–44. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18394316 (accessed 01.02.2009).

Iwamoto, J., et al. 2008. Effects of vitamin K(2) and risedronate on bone formation and resorption, osteocyte lacunar system, and porosity in the cortical bone of glucocorticoid-treated rats. Calcif. Tissue Int., 83 (2), 121–128. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18543014 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Lanham–New, S. 2008. Importance of calcium, vitamin D and vitamin K for osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 67 (2), 163–176. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18412990 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Nimptsch, K., et al. 2008. Dietary intake of vitamin K and risk of prostate cancer in the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC–Heidelberg). Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 87 (4), 985–992. URL (abstract): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/87/4/985 (accessed 12.12.2008).

Van Summeren, M., et al. 2008. Vitamin K status is associated with childhood bone mineral content. Br. J. Nutr., 100 (4), 852–858. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18279558 (accessed 12.12.2008).

Bügel S, et al. 2007. Effect of phylloquinone supplementation on biochemical markers of vitamin K status and bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Br. J. Nutr., 97 (2), 373–380. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17298708 (accessed 05.17.2010).

Cranenburg, E., et al. 2007. Vitamin K: The coagulation vitamin that became omnipotent. Thromb. Haemost., 98 (1), 120–125. URL: http://www.schattauer.de/en/magazine/subject-areas/journals-a-z/thrombosis-and-haemostasis/contents/archive/issue/738/manuscript/7611.html (accessed 12.12.2008).

Hara, K., & Akiyama, Y. 2007. [Vitamin K and bone quality.] Clin. Calcium, 17 (11), 1678–1684. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17982187 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Grobbee, D., & van der Graaf, Y. 2007. Vitamin K intake and calcifications in breast arteries. Maturitas, 56, 273–279. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17010542 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Knapen, M., et al. 2007. Vitamin K(2) supplementation improves hip bone geometry and bone strength indices in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos. Int., 18 (7), 963–972. URL: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=17287908 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Lee, N., et al. 2007. Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton. Cell, 130 (3), 456–469. URL: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=17693256 (accessed 12.12.2008).

Pearson, D. 2007. Bone health and osteoporosis: The role of vitamin K and potential antagonism by anticoagulants. Nutr. Clin. Pract., 22 (5), 517–544. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17906277 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Schurgers, L., et al. 2007. Vitamin K-containing dietary supplements: Comparison of synthetic vitamin K1 and natto-derived menaquinone-7. Blood, 109 (8), 3279–3283. URL: http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/content/full/109/8/3279 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Cockayne, S., et al. 2006. Vitamin K and the prevention of fractures: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch. Intern. Med., 166 (12), 1256–1261. URL: http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/1256 (accessed 12.12.2008).

Ikeda, Y., et al. 2006. Intake of fermented soybeans, natto, is associated with reduced bone loss in postmenopausal women: Japanese Population-based Osteoporosis (JPOS) Study. J. Nutr., 136 (5), 1323–1328. URL: http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/136/5/1323 (accessed 12.12.2008).

Iwamoto, J., et al. 2006. Role of vitamin K2 in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Curr. Drug Saf., 1 (1), 87-97. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18690918(accessed 12.11.2008).

Kaneki, M., et al. 2006. Pleiotropic actions of vitamin K: Protector of bone health and beyond? Nutrition, 22 (7-8), 845–852. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16815498 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Takemura, H. 2006. [Prevention of osteoporosis by foods and dietary supplements. “Kinnotsubu honegenki”: A fermented soybean (natto) with reinforced vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7)]. Clin. Calcium, 16 (10), 1715–1722. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17012826 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Adams, J., & Pepping, J. 2005. Vitamin K in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and arterial calcification. Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm, 62(15), 1574–1581. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16030366 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Nawata, H., et al. 2005. Guidelines on the management and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis of the Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research (2004). J. Bone Miner. Metab., 23 (2), 105–109. URL (no abstract available): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15750687 (accessed 08.05.2010).

Plaza, S., & Lamson, D. 2005. Vitamin K2 in bone metabolism and osteoporosis. Altern. Med. Rev., 10(1), 24–35. URL (PDF): http://www.thorne.com/altmedrev/.fulltext/10/1/24.pdf (accessed 12.11.2008).

Geleijnse, J., et al. 2004. Dietary intake of menaquinone is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: The Rotterdam Study. J. Nutr., 134 (11), 3100–3105. URL: http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/134/11/3100 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Iwamoto, J., et al. 2004. Effects of vitamin K2 on osteoporosis. Curr. Pharm. Des., 10 (21), 2557-2576. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15320745(accessed 12.11.2008).

Vermeer, C., et al. 2004. Beyond deficiency: Potential benefits of increased intakes of vitamin K for bone and vascular health. Eur. J. Nutr., 43 (6), 325–335. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15309455 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Booth, S., et al. 2003. Vitamin K intake and bone mineral density in women and men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 77 (2), 512–516. URL: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/77/2/512 (accessed 12.12.2008).

Iwamoto, J., et al. 2003. Effect of vitamin K2 on cortical and cancellous bone of orchidectomized and/or sciatic neurectomized rats. J. Bone Miner. Res., 18 (4), 776–783. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12674339 (accessed 08.04.2010).

Szulc, P., et al. 2003. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin is a marker of the risk of hip fracture in elderly women. J. Clin. Invest., 91 (4), 1769–1774. URL (PDF): http://www.jci.org/articles/view/116387/pdf (accessed 12.12.2008).

Binkley, N., et al. 2002. A high phylloquinone intake is required to achieve maximal osteocalcin g-carboxylation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 76 (5), 1055–1060. URL: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/76/5/1055 (accessed 12.12.2008).

Hara, K., et al. 2002. Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) inhibits bone loss induced by prednisolone partly through enhancement of bone formation in rats. Bone, 31 (5), 575–581. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12477571 (accessed 08.05.2010).

Ozuru, R., et al. 2002. Time-dependent effects of vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. Endocrine J., 49, 363–370. URL (PDF): http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/49/3/363/_pdf (accessed 08.05.2010)

Takahashi, M., et al. 2001. Effect of vitamin K and/or D on undercarboxylated and intact osteocalcin in osteoporotic patients with vertebral or hip fractures. Clin. Endocrin., 54 (2), 219–224. URL (abstract): http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=891553 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Kaneki, M., et al. 2001. Japanese fermented soybean food as the major determinant of the large geographic difference in circulating levels of vitamin K2. Possible implications for hip-fracture risk. Nutrition, 17 (4), 315–321. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11369171(accessed 12.11.2008).

Luukinen, H., et al. 2000. Strong prediction of fractures among older adults by the ratio of carboxylated to total serum osteocalcin. J. Bone Miner. Res., 15 (12), 2473–2478. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11127212 (accessed 08.05.2010).

Shiraki M, Shiraki Y, Aoki C, Miura M. Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) effectively prevents fractures and sustains lumbar bone mineral density in osteoporosis. J. Bone Miner. Res., 15 (3), 515–521. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10750566 (accessed 08.05.2010).

Feskanich, D., et al. 1999. Vitamin K intake and hip fractures in women: A prospective study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 69 (1), 74–79. URL: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/69/1/74 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Kawashima, H., et al. 1997. Effects of vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) on atherosclerosis and blood coagulation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 75 (2), 135–143. URL: http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/english/jnlabstract_en.php?cdjournal=jphs1951&cdvol=75&noissue=2&startpage=135 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Jie, K., et al. 1995. Vitamin K intake and osteocalcin levels in women with and without aortic atherosclerosis: A population-based study. Atherosclerosis, 116 (1), 117–123. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7488326 (accessed 12.11.2008).

Hodges, S., et al. 1993. Circulating levels of vitamins K1 and K2 decreased in elderly women with hip fracture. J. Bone Miner. Res., 8 (10), 1241–1245. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8256661 (accessed 12.11.2008).