Our L-Glutamine is a safe, natural digestive GI support formula manufactured to pharmaceutical standards.
The following articles and studies, arranged alphabetically, represent a sampling of the research on L-glutamine.
Ban, K. and Kozar, R. A. 2010. Glutamine protects against apoptosis via down regulation of Sp3 in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 399(6): G1344-G1353. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00334.2010. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3006244/?tool=pmcentrez (accessed 5/7/2012).
Candow, D. G., et al. 2001. Effect of glutamine supplementation combined with resistance training in young adults. Eur J Appl Physiol., 86(2): 142-9. URL (abstract only): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11822473?dopt=Abstract (Accessed 5/9/2012).
Chen, G., et al. 2001. [Clinical observation of the protective effect of oral feeding of glutamine granules on intestinal mucous membrane.] Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi., 17(4):2010.1. URL (abstract only): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11876941?dopt=Abstract (accessed 5/9/2012).
Coëffier, M., et al. 2005. Effect of glutamine on water and sodium absorption in human jejunum at baseline and during PGE1-induced secretion. J Appl Physiol. 98(6): 2163-8. URL (abstract only): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15661841?dopt=Abstract (accessed 5/9/2012).
Coëffier, M., et al. 2003. Enteral glutamine stimulates protein synthesis and decreases ubiquitin mRNA level in human gut mucosa. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 285(2): G266-73. URL (abstract only): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702496?dopt=Abstract (accessed 5/9/2012).
Dai, Z. L., et al. 2012. L-Glutamine regulates amino acid utilization by intestinal bacteria. Amino Acids., 2012 Mar 24 Epub. URL (abstract only): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22451274 (accessed 5/8/2012).
Hond, D. E., et al. 1999. Effect of long-term oral glutamine supplements on small intestinal permeability in patients with Crohn’s disease. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr., 23(1): 7-11. URL (abstract only): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9888411.1 (accessed 5/9/2012).
Jian, Z. M., et al. 1999. The impact of alanyl-glutamine on clinical safety, nitrogen balance, intestinal permeability, and clinical outcome in postoperative patients: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study of 120 patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr., 26(5 Suppl): S62-6. URL (abstract only): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10483898?dopt=Abstract (accessed 5/9/2012).
Kennedy, D., et al. 2007. Cost Effectiveness of Natural Health Products: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med., 6(3): 297-304. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nem167. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2722206/?tool=pmcentrez (accessed 5/7/2012).
Larson, S., et al. 2007. Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to Glutamine-Mediated Intestinal Cell Survival. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol., 293(6): G1262 – G1271. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00254.2007. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2432018/?tool=pmcentrez (accessed 5/7/2012).
May, P. E., et al. 2002. Reversal of cancer-related wasting using oral supplementation with a combination of beta-hydroxy-beta-mehtylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine. Am J Surg., 183(4): 471-9. URl (abstract only): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11975938?dopt=Abstract (accessed 5/9/2012).
Mok, E. and Hankard, R. 2011. Glutamine Supplementation in Sick Children: Is It Beneficial? J Nutr Metab. 2001: 617597. doi: 10.1155/2011/617597. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3228321/?tool=pmcentrez (accessed 5/7/2012).
Motoki, T., et al. 2011. Glutamine depletion induces murine neonatal melena with increased apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium. World J Gastroenterol., 17(6): 717-726. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3042649/?tool=pmcentrez (accessed 5/7/2012).
Niihara, Y., et al. 2005. L-Glutamine therapy reduces endothelial adhesion of sickle red blood cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. BMC Blood Disord., 5:4. doi: 10.1186/1471-2326-5-4. URL (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1198219/?tool=pmcentrez (accessed 5/8/2012).
Nose, K., et al. 2010. Glutamine Prevents Total Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Changes to Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Phenotype and Function: A Potential Mechanism for the Preservation of Epithelial Barrier Function. J Interferon Cytokine Res., 30(2): 67-79. doi: 10.1089/jir.2009.0046. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2830305/?tool=pmcentrez (accessed 5/7/2012).
Noyer, C. M., et al. 1998. A double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study of glutamine therapy for abnormal intestinal permeability in patients with AIDS. Am J Gastroenterol., 93(6): 972-5. URL (abstract only): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9647031?dopt=Abstract (accessed 5/9/2012).
Sakiyama, T., et al. 2009. Glutamine increases autophagy under basal and stressed conditions in intestinal epithelial cells. Gastroenterology. 136(3): 924-932. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.12.002. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2673957/?tool=pmcentrez (accessed 5/7/2012).
Van Der Hulst, R. R., et al. 1997. Glutamine and intestinal immune cells in humans. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr., 21(6): 310-5. URL (abstract only): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9406126?dopt=Abstract (accessed 5/9/2012).
Van Der Hulst, R. R., et al. 1996. The effect of glutamine administration on intestinal glutamine content. J Surg Res., 61(1): 30-4. URL (abstract only): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8769938?dopt=Abstract (accessed 5/9/2012)/
Van Der Hulst, R. R., et al. 1993. Glutamine and the preservation of gut integrity. Lancet, 341(8857): 1363-5. URL (abstract only): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8098788?dopt=Abstract (accessed 5/9/2012).
Yalçin, S. S., et al. 2004. Effect of glutamine supplementation on diarrhea, interleukin-8 and secretory immunoglobulin A in children with acute diarrhea. J Pedatr Gastroenterol Nutr., 38(5):494-51. URL (abstract only): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15097437?dopt=Abstract (accessed 5/9/2012).
Our Super Biotic is doctor-formulated to be complete, natural, bioavailable, and manufactured to pharmaceutical standards.
The following articles and studies, arranged in order of recency, provide information concerning the clinical basis for using Super Biotic.
Fujimori, S., et al. 2007. High dose probiotic and prebiotic cotherapy for remission induction of active Crohn’s disease. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 22 (8), 1199–1204. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=PubMed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17688660 (accessed 10.24.2007).
Boyle, R., et al. 2006. Probiotic use in clinical practice: What are the risks? Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 83, 1256–1264. URL (full text): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/83/6/1256 (accessed 10.24.2007).
Falagas, M. et al. 2006. Probiotics for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: A review of the evidence from microbiological and clinical studies. Drugs, 66 (9), 1253–1261. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=PubMed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=16827601 (accessed 10.04.2007).
Frankenfeld, C., et al. 2006. Postmenopausal bone mineral density in relation to soy isoflavone-metabolizing phenotypes. Maturitas, 53 (3), 315–324. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=PubMed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=16019168 (accessed 10.24.2007).
Parvez, S., et al. 2006. Probiotics and their fermented food products are beneficial for health. J. Appl. Microbiol., 100, 1171–1185. URL (full text): http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02963.x (accessed 10.24.2007).
Uehara, S., et al. 2006. A pilot study evaluating the safety and effectiveness of Lactobacillus vaginal suppositories in patients with recurrent urinary tract infection. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 28, (Suppl. 1) S30–S34. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=16859900> (accessed 10.04.2007).
Marshall, B. 2005. The Lasker Awards: Celebrating scientific discovery. JAMA, 294, 1420–1421.
Adolfsson, O., et al. 2004. Yogurt and gut function. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 80, 245–256. URL (full text): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/80/2/245 (accessed 10.24.2007).
Lin, H. 2004. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: A framework for understanding irritable bowel syndrome. JAMA, 292 (7), 852–858. URL (full text): http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/292/7/852 (accessed 10.24.2007).
Marelli, G., et al. 2004. Lactobacilli for prevention of urogenital infections: A review. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., 8 (2), 87–95. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=15267122 (accessed 10.04.2007).
Wang, K-Y., et al. 2004. Effects of ingesting Lactobacilus- and Bifidobacterium-containing yogurt in subjects with colonized Helicobacter pylori. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 80, 737–741. URL (full text): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/80/3/737 (accessed 10.24.2007).
Halsted, C. 2003. Dietary supplements and functional foods: 2 sides of a coin? Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 77 (Suppl.), 1001S–1007S. URL (full text): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/77/4/1001S (accessed 10.24.2007).
Fernández, M., et al. 2003. Probiotic properties of human lactobacilli strains to be used in the gastrointestinal tract. J. Appl. Microbiol., 94, 449–455. URL (abstract): http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01850.x (accessed 10.24.2007).
Reid, G., et al. 2003. Oral use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and L. fermentum RC-14 significantly alters vaginal flora: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 25 (20), 131–134. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=12628548 (accessed 10.04.2007).
Reid, G., et al. 2003. Potential uses of probiotics in clinical practice. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 16 (4), 658–672. URL: (full text): http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/content/full/16/4/658?view=long&pmid=1455729 (accessed 10.24.2007).
Duggan, C., et al. 2002. Protective nutrients and functional foods for the gastrointestinal tract. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 75, 789–808. URL (full text): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/75/5/789 (accessed 10.24.2007).
Ishikawa, H., et al. 2002. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of bifidobacteria-fermented milk on ulcerative colitis. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 22 (1), 56–63. URL (full text): http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/22/1/56 (accessed 10.24.2007).
Holzapfel, W., et al. 2001. Taxonomy and important features of probiotic microorganisms in food and nutrition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73 (Suppl.), 365S–373S. URL (full text): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/73/2/365S (accessed 10.24.2007).
Ishibashi, N., & Yamazaki, S. 2001. Probiotics and safety. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73 (Suppl.), 465S–470S. URL (full text): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/73/2/465S (accessed 10.24.2007).
Isolauri, E., et al. 2001. Probiotics: Effects on immunity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73 (Suppl.), 444S–450S. URL (full text): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/73/2/444S (accessed 10.24.2007).
Isolauri, E. 2001. Probiotics in human disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73 (Suppl.), 1142S–1146S. URL (full text): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/73/6/1142S (accessed 10.24.2007).
Marteau, P., et al. 2001. Protection from gastrointestinal diseases with the use of probiotics. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73 (Suppl.), 430S–436S. URL (full text): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/73/2/430S (accessed 10.24.2007).
Saavedra, J. 2001. Clinical applications of probiotic agents. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73 (Suppl.), 1147S–1151S. URL (full text): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/73/6/1147S (accessed 10.24.2007).
Vanderhoof, J. 2001. Probiotics: Future directions. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73 (Suppl.), 1152S–1155S. URL (full text): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/73/6/1152S (accessed 10.24.2007).
Wollowski, I., et al. 2001. Protective role of probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73 (Suppl.), 451S–455S. URL (full text): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/73/2/451S (accessed 10.24.2007).
Roberfroid, M. 2000. Prebiotics and probiotics: Are they functional foods? Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 71 (Suppl.), 1682S–1687S. URL (full text): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/71/6/1682S (accessed 10.24.2007).
Collins, M., & Gibson, G. 1999. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics: Approaches for modulating the microbial ecology of the gut. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 69 (Suppl.), 1052S–1057S. URL (full text): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/69/5/1052S (accessed 10.24.2007).