Women's Health Network - T-Balance Plus References

T-Balance Plus

Our T-Balance Plus is doctor-formulated to be complete, natural, bioavailable, and manufactured to pharmaceutical standards.

The following articles and studies, arranged in order of recency, represent a sampling of the research on the constituents of T-Balance Plus.

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)
Bacopa monniera (water hyssop)
Coleus forskohlii
Hops (Humulus lupulus)
Iodine (from kelp)
Sage (Salvia officinalis)
Selenium (chelate)

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera/W. ashwagandha)

C Alam, N., et al. 2011. High catechin concentrations detected in Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 11, 65. URL: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/11/65 (accessed 09.23.2011).

C Kumar, A., et al. 2011. Utility of a multidisciplinary approach for genome diagnostics of cultivated and wild germplasm resources of medicinal Withania somnifera, and the status of new species, W. ashwagandha, in the cultivated taxon URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/g12001h123tk2876/ (accessed 09.06.2011).

C Sinha, S., et al. 2011. In vivo anti-tussive activity and structural features of a polysaccharide fraction from water extracted Withania somnifera. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Mar 24;134 (2), 510-513. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21182915 (accessed 09.23.2011).

C Dog, T. 2010. Smart Talk on supplements and botanicals: Ginseng and other adaptogenic herbs. Alt. Complement. Ther., 16 (1), 1–4. URL (paid access): http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/act.2010.16101 (accessed 01.17.2011).

C Ven Murthy, M., et al. 2010. Scientific basis for the use of Indian ayurvedic medicinal plants in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders: Ashwagandha. Cent. Nerv. Syst. Agents Med. Chem., 10 (3), 238-246. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20528765 (accessed 09.23.2011).

C Yadav, B., et al. 2010. In vitro anticancer activity of the root, stem and leaves of Withania somnifera against various human cancer cell lines. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 72 (5), 659-663. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3116319/?tool=pubmed (accessed 09.23.2011).

C Cooley, K., et al. 2009. Naturopathic care for anxiety: A randomized controlled trial ISRCTN78958974. PLoS One, 4 (8), e6628. URL: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0006628 (accessed 05.13.2011).

A1–A3, A5, B, C Collins, J. 2007. Phytotherapeutic support of thyroid function. NutriNews. URL (PDF): http://www.douglaslabs.com/pdf/nutrinews/Thyroid%20Function%20Support%20%2801-07%29.pdf (accessed 08.10.2010).

B, C Widido, N., et al. 2007. Selective killing of cancer cells by leaf extract of Ashwagandha: Identification of a tumor-inhibitory factor and the first molecular insights to its effect. Clin. Cancer Res., 13 (7), 2298–2306. URL: http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/13/7/2298.long (accessed 02.23.2011).

C Naidu, P., et al. 2006. Effect of Withania somnifera root extract on reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia and cognitive dysfunction. Phytother. Res., 20 (2), 140–146. URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1038/sj.bjp.0706122/full (accessed 02.23.2011).

B Winters, M. 2006. Ancient medicine, modern use: Withania somnifera and its potential role in integrative oncology. Altern. Med. Rev., 11 (4), 269-277. URL (PDF): http://www.altmedrev.com/publications/11/4/269.pdf (accessed 09.23.2011).

C Kuboyama, T., et al. 2005. Neuritic regeneration and synaptic reconstruction induced by withanolide A. Br. J. Pharmacol., 144 (7), 961–971. URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1038/sj.bjp.0706122/full (accessed 02.23.2011).

C Misra, L., et al. 2005. Unusually sulfated and oxygenated steroids from Withania somnifera. Phytochemistry, 66, 2702–2707. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293277 (accessed 02.23.2011).

A1–A3, A5 [No authors listed.] 2004. Monograph. Withania somnifera. Altern. Med. Rev., 9 (2), 211–214. URL: http://www.thorne.com/altmedrev/.fulltext/9/2/211.pdf (accessed 02.23.2011).

C Sreerekha, M., et al. 2004. Distribution of total withanolides in various plant parts of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) accessions as influenced by light and dark reaction cycle. J. Med. Aromatic Plant Sci., 26, 681–683. URL (abstract): http://203.190.147.122/jmapsnew/JMAPSDisplay.aspx?Year=2004&Month=12&Volume=26&No=4&IssueID=338 (accessed 09.06.2011).

C Bhattacharya, S., & Muruganandam, A. 2003. Adaptogenic activity of Withania somnifera: An experimental study using a rat model of chronic stress. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 75 (3), 547–555. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12895672 (accessed 02.23.2011).

C Iuvone, T., et al. 2003. Induction of nitric oxide synthase expression by Withania somnifera macrophages. Life Sci., 72 (14), 1617-1625. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12551750 (accessed 01.25.2011).

B, C Singh, G., et al. 2003. Adaptogenic activity of a novel, withanolide-free aqueous fraction from the roots of Withania somnifera Dun. (Part II). Phytother. Res., 17 (3), 531–536. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12748992 (accessed 02.24.2011).

C Dhuley, J. 2001. Nootropic-like effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L.) in mice. Phytother Res., 15 (6), 524–528. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11536383 (accessed 02.23.2011).

C Jain, S., et al. 2001. Neuroprotective effects of Withania somnifera Dunn. in hippocampal sub-regions of female albino rat. Phytother. Res., 15 (6), 544–548. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11536389 (accessed 02.23.2011).

B, C Singh, G., et al. 2001. Adaptogenic activity of a novel, withanolide-free aqueous fraction from the roots of Withania somnifera Dun. Phytother. Res., 15 (4), 311–318. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11406854 (accessed 02.24.2011).

B, C Andallu, B. & Radhika, B. 2000. Hypoglycemic, diuretic and hypocholesterolemic effect of winter cherry (Withania somnifera, Dunal) root. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 38 (6), 607-609. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11116534 (accessed 05.13.2011).

C Battacharya, S., et al. 2000. Anxiolytic-antidepressant activity of Withania somnifera glycowithanolides: An experimental study. Phytomedicine, 7 (6), 463–469. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11194174 (accessed 01.25.2011).

B, C Dhuley, J. 2000. Adaptogenic and cardioprotective action of ashwagandha in rats and frogs. J. Ethnopharmacol., 70 (1), 57–63. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10720789 (accessed 02.23.2011).

A1–A5, B, C Mishra, L-C., et al. 2000. Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): A review. Altern. Med. Rev., 5 (4), 334–346. URL (PDF): http://www.thorne.com/altmedrev/.fulltext/5/4/334.pdf (accessed 02.23.2011).

C Archana, R., & Namasivayam, A. 1999. Antistressor effect of Withania somnifera. J. Ethnopharmcol., 64 (1), 91–93. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10075127 (accessed 01.26.2011).

A1–A3, A5 Panda, S., & Kar, A. 1999. Withania somnifera and Bauhinia purpurea in the regulation of circulating thyroid hormone concentrations in female mice. J. Ethnopharmacol., 67 (2), 233-239. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10619390 (accessed 10.04.2011).

B, C Rege, N.-N., et al. 1999. Adaptogenic properties of six rasayana herbs used in Ayurvedic medicine. Phytother Res., 13 (4), 275–291. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10404532 (accessed 02.23.2011).

C Aphale, A., et al. 1998. Subacute toxicity study of the combination of ginseng (Panax ginseng) and ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in rats: A safety assessment. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 42 (2), 299-302. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10225062 (accessed 05.13.2011).

A1–A3, A5, C Panda, S., & Kar, A. 1998. Changes in thyroid hormone concentrations after administration of ashwagandha root extract to adult male mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 50 (9), 1065-1068. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9811169 (accessed 10.04.2011).

C Schauss, A., et al. 1998. Therapeutic applications of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) — popular ayurvedic botanical medicine. Nat. Med. J., 1 (10), 16–19.

C Schliebs, R., et al. 1997. Systemic administration of defined extracts from Withania somnifera (Indian Ginseng) and Shilajit differentially affects cholinergic but not glutamatergic and GABAnergic markers in rat brain. Neurochem. Int., 30 (2), 181–190. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9017665 (accessed 02.23.2011).

C al-Hindawi, M., et al. 1992. Anti-granuloma activity of Iraqi Withania somnifera. J. Ethnopharmacol., 37 (2), 113–116. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1434685 (accessed 02.23.2011).

C Mehta, A., et al. 1991. Pharmacologic effects of Withania somnifera root extract on GABAA receptor complex. Indian J. Med. Res., 94, 312–315. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1660034 (accessed 02.23.2011).

A1–A3, A5 Köhrle, J., et al. 1988. Flavonoid effects on transport, metabolism and action of thyroid hormones. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res., 280, 323-340. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3140249 (accessed 10.04.2011).

C Singh, N., et al. 1982. Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), a rejuvenating herbal drug which enhances survival during stress (an adaptogen). Int. J. Crude Drug Res., 20 (1), 29–35. URL (abstract): http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/13880208209083282 (accesesd 10.05.2011).

Bacopa monnieri (water hyssop)

C Abascal, K., & Yarnell, E. 2011. Bacopa for the brain: A smart addition to Western medicine. Altern. Complement. Ther., 17 (1), 21-25. URL (abstract): http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/mary-ann-liebert/bacopa-for-the-brain-a-smart-addition-to-western-medicine-xPGtuo07v0 (accessed 09.29.2011).

C Bhaskar, M., & Jagtap, A. 2011. Exploring the possible mechanisms of action behind the antinociceptive activity of Bacopa monniera. Int. J. Ayurveda Res., 2 (1), 2-7. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3157104/?tool=pubmed (accessed 09.29.2011).

B Oliff, H. 2011. RE: Review of clinical potential of Bacopa in treatment of central nervous system-related ailments. HerbClip. URL (PDF): http://cms.herbalgram.org/herbclip/430/pdfs/041157.pdf (accessed 09. 29.2011).

B, C Morgan, A., & Stevens, J. 2010. Does Bacopa monnieri improve memory performance in older persons? Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. J. Altern. Complement. Med., 16 (7), 753–759. URL: (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20590480 (accessed 09.28.2011).

C Sumathi, T., & Niranjali Devaraj, S. 2009. Effect of Bacopa monnierai on liver and kidney toxicity in chronic use of opioids. Phytomedicine, 16 (10), 897-903. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19403290 (accessed 05.16.2011).

B, C Calabrese, C., et al. 2008. Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J. Altern. Complement Med., 14 (6), 707-713. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3153866/?tool=pubmed (accessed 05.16.2011).

C Stough, C., et al. 2008. Examining the nootropic effects of a special extract of Bacopa monniera on human cognitive functioning: 90-day double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Phytother Res., 22 (12), 1629–1634. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18683852 (accessed 09.28.2011).

B, C Pravina, K., et al. 2007. Safety evaluation of BacoMind in healthy volunteers: A phase I study. Phytomedicine, 14 (5), 301–308. URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944711307000487 (accessed 10.05.2011).

B, C Raghav, S., et al. 2006. Randomized controlled trial of standardized Bacopa monniera extract in age-associated memory impairment. Indian J. Psychiatry, 48 (4), 238-242. URL: http://www.indianjpsychiatry.org/article.asp?issn=0019-5545;year=2006;volume=48;issue=4;spage=238;epage=242;aulast=Raghav (accessed 05.16.2011).

C Russo, A., & Borrelli, F. 2005. Bacopa monniera, a reputed nootropic plant: An overview. Phytomedicine, 12 (4), 305–317. URL: http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Bacopa+monniera%2c+a+reputed+nootropic+plant%3a+an+overview-a0133802203 (accessed 09.29.2011).

A1–A3, A5 Kar, A., et al. 2002. Relative efficacy of three medicinal plant extracts in the alteration of thyroid hormone concentrations in male mice. J. Ethnopharmacol., 81 (2), 281–285. URL (abstract): http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037887410200048X (accessed 10.05.2011).

C Sairam, K., et al. 2002. Antidepressant activity of standardized extract of Bacopa monniera in experimental models of depression in rats. Phytomedicine, 9 (3), 207–211. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12046860 (accessed 09.29.2011).

B Asthana, O., et al. 1996. Safety and tolerability of bacosides A and B in healthy human volunteers. Indian J. Pharmacol., 28 (1), 37. URL (no abstract available): http://indianmedicine.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/root/A/2065/ (accessed 10.05.2011).

Coleus forskohlii

A1–A3, A5, C Andrade, B., et al. 2011. A novel role for AMP-kinase in the regulation of the Na+/I--symporter and iodide uptake in the rat thyroid gland. Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol,, 300 (6), C1291-1297. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21389275 (accessed 10.06.2011).

C Doorn, J., et al. 2011. Forskolin enhances in vivo bone formation by human mesenchymal stromal cells. Tissue Eng. Part A. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21942968 (accessed 10.06.2011).

B Montalbetti, N., et al. 2011. Homeostasis of extracellular ATP in human erythrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. [Epub ahead of print.] URL: http://www.jbc.org/content/early/2011/09/15/jbc.M111.221713.long (accessed 10.06.2011).

C Lele, R. 2010. Beyond reverse pharmacology: Mechanism-based screening of Ayurvedic drugs. J. Ayurveda Integr. Med., 1 (4), 257–265. URL: http://www.jaim.in/article.asp?issn=0975-9476;year=2010;volume=1;issue=4;spage=257;epage=265;aulast=Lele (accessed 10.06.2011).

C Lichtl–Kaiser, K., et al. 2009. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase signaling modulates pregnane x receptor activity in a species-specific manner. J. Biol. Chem., 284 (11), 6639–6649. URL (PDF): http://www.jbc.org/content/284/11/6639.full.pdf+html (accessed 10.05.2011).

A1–A3, A5, B, C Ding, X, & Staudinger, J. 2005. Induction of drug metabolism by forskolin: The role of the pregnane X receptor and the protein kinase A signal transduction pathway. JPET, 312 (2), 849–856. URL: http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/312/2/849.long (accessed 10.05.2011).

A1–A3, A5, C Sun, S-C., et al. 2009. Thyrostimulin, but not thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), acts as a paracrine regulator to activate the TSH receptor in mammalian ovary. J. Biol. Chem., 285 (6), 3758 –3765. URL: http://www.jbc.org/content/285/6/3758.long (accessed 10.06.2011).

A1–A3, A5, B, C Monograph. 2006. Coleus forskohlii. Altern. Med. Rev. 11 (1), 47-51. URL: http://www.altmedrev.com/publications/11/1/47.pdf (accessed 05.16.2011).

B, C Henderson, S., et al. 2005. Effects of Coleus forskohlii supplementation on body composition and hematological profiles in mildly overweight women. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr., 2 (2), 54-64. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2129145/ (accessed 05.16.2011).

A1–A5 Venkateswaran, A., et al. 2004. Forskolin, 8-Br-3',5'-cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate, and catalytic protein kinase A expression in the nucleus increase radioiodide uptake and sodium/iodide symporter protein levels in RET/PTC1-expressing cells. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 89 (12), 6168-6172. URL: http://jcem.endojournals.org/content/89/12/6168.long (accessed 10.06.2011).

C Sidhu, J., & Omiecinski, C. 1996. Forskolin-mediated induction of CYP3A1 mRNA expression in primary rat hepatocytes is independent of elevated intracellular cyclic AMP. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 276 (1), 238–245. URL: http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/276/1/238.abstract?ijkey=219ddd03765d3387d7e844b1c078e2a82694c2d5&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha (accessed 10.05.2011).

A1–A3. A5, C Roger, P., et al. 1987. Regulation of dog thyroid epithelial cell cycle by forskolin, and adenylate cyclase activator. Exp. Cell. Res., 172 (2), 282-292. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2820768 (accessed 10.06.2011).

C Ammon, H., & Muller, A. 1985. Forskolin: From an ayurvedic remedy to a modern agent. Planta Med. 51, 473-477. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17345261 (accessed 10.06.2011).

A1–A3, A5, C Haye, B., et al. 1985. Chronic and acute effects of forskolin on isolated thyroid cell metabolism. Mol. Cell Endocrinol., 43 (1), 41-50. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2998908 (accessed 10.06.2011).

A1–A3, A5, C Kasai, K., et al. 1985. Forskolin stimulation of adenylate cyclase in human thyroid membranes. Acta Endocrinol. (Copenh.), 108 (2), 200-205. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4038568 (accessed 10.06.2011).

C Mokhtari, A., et al. 1985. Forskolin modulates cyclic AMP generation in the rat myometrium. Interactions with isoproterenol and prostaglandins E2 and I2. J. Cyclic Nucleotide Protein Phosphor. Res., 10 (3), 213-227. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2991348 (accessed 10.06.2011).

C Daly, J., et al. 1982. Activation of cyclic AMP-generating systems in brain membranes and slices by the diterpene forskolin: augmentation of receptor-mediated responses. J. Neurochem., 38 (2), 532-544. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6125572 (accessed 10.06.2011).

A1–A5, C Fradkin J., et al. 1982. Forskolin stimulation of thyroid adenylate cyclase and cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate accumulation. Endocrinology, 111 (3), 849-856. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6286284 (accessed 10.06.2011).

C Seamon, K., & Daly, J. 1981. Forskolin: A unique diterpene activator of cyclic AMP-generating systems. J. Cyclic Nucleotide Res., 7 (4), 201-224. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6278005 (accessed 10.06.2011).

A4, C Seamon, K., et al. 1981. Forskolin: A unique diterpene activator of adenylate cyclase in membranes and in intact cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78, 3363-3367. URL (abstract) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC319568/ (accessed 10.06.2011).

Humulus lupulus (hops)

B, C Dorn, C., et al. 2010. Xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone derived from hops, inhibits proliferation, migration and interleukin-8 expression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int. J. Oncol., 36 (2), 435-441. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20043079 (accessed 10.06.2011).

B Dorn, C., et al. 2010. Xanthohumol feeding does not impair organ function and homoeostasis in mice. Food Chem. Toxicol., 48 (7), 1890-1897. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20427021 (accessed 10.06.2011).

A1–A3, A5, C Radovic, B., et al. 2010. Xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone from hops, modulates hepatic expression of genes involved in thyroid hormone distribution and metabolism. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 54 (Suppl. 2), S225-S235. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20461738 (accessed 10.06.2011).

B, C Ho, Y-C., et al. 2008. Inhibitory effects of xanthohumol from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Phytother. Res., 22 (11), 1465-1468. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18814205 (accessed 10.06.2011).

C Zanoli, P., & Zavatti, M. 2008. Pharmacognostic and pharmacological profile of Humulus lupulus L. J. Ethnopharmacol., 116 (3), 383–396. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18308492 (accessed 10.06.2011).

B Nagasako-Akazome, Y., et al. 2007. Safety evaluation of polyphenols extracted from hop bracts. Food Chem. Toxicol., 45 (8), 1383-1392. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17376578 (accessed 04.16.2011).

C Delmulle, L., et al. 2006. Anti-proliferative properties of prenylated flavonoids from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) in human prostate cancer cell lines. Phytomedicine, 13 (9-10), 732-734. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16678392 (accessed 10.06.2011).

C Vanhoecke, B., et al. 2005. Antiinvasive effect of xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone present in hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and beer. Int. J. Cancer, 117 (6), 889-895. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15986430 (accessed 10.06.2011).

B, C Morin, C., et al. 2005. Valerian-hops combination and diphenhydramine for treating insomnia: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Sleep, 28 (11), 1465-1471. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16335333 (accessed 05.16.2011).

C Nikolic, D., et al. 2005. Metabolism of xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol, prenylated flavonoids from hops (Humulus lupulus L.), by human liver microsomes. J. Mass Spectrom., 40 (3), 289–299. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15712367 (accessed 10.07.2011).

A1–A3, A5, C Radovic, B., et al. 2005. Xanthohumol stimulates iodide uptake in rat thyroid-derived FRTL-5 cells. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 49 (9), 832-836. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16092068 (accessed 10.06.2011).

B, C Vanhoecke, B., et al. 2005. A safety study of oral tangeretin and xanthohumol administration to laboratory mice. In Vivo, 19 (1), 103-107. URL: http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/19/1/103.long (accessed 10.06.2011).

C Stevens, J., & Page, J. 2004. Xanthohumol and related prenylflavonoids from hops and beer: To your good health! Phytochemistry, 65 (10), 1317–1330. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15231405 (accessed 10.06.2011).

C Milligan, S., et al. 1999. Identification of a potent phytoestrogen in hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and beer. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 84 (6), 2249-2252. URL: http://jcem.endojournals.org/content/84/6/2249.long (accessed 10.06.2011).

C Stevens J., et al. 1999. Fate of xanthohumol and related prenylflavonoids from hops to beer. J. Agric. Food Chem., 47, 2421-2428. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10794646 (accessed 10.06.2011).

B, C Schmitz, M., & Jäckel, M. 1998. Comparative study for assessing quality of life of patients with exogenous sleep disorders (temporary sleep onset and sleep interruption disorders) treated with a hops-valerian preparation and a benzodiazepine drug. Wien. Med. Wochenschr., 148 (13), 291-298. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9757514 (accessed 05.16.2011).

Iodine

C Dasgupta, P. 2009. Perchlorate: A cause for iodine deficiency? Environ. Chem., 6 (1), 7–9. URL (abstract): http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/188/paper/EN08108.htm (accessed 06.15.2009).

A1–A5, B, C Zimmermann, M. 2009. Iodine deficiency in pregnancy and the effects of maternal iodine supplementation on the offspring: A review. Am. J.Clin. Nutr., 89 (2), 668S–672S. URL (abstract): http://www.ajcn.org/content/89/2/668S.long (accessed 06.12.2009).

A1–A5, B, C Brownstein, D. 2008. Iodine: Why you need it. Why you can’t live without it, 104. West Bloomfield, MI: Medical Alternatives Press.

B, C Dasgupta, P., et al. 2008. Iodine nutrition: Iodine content of iodized salt in the United States. Environ. Sci. Technol., 42 (4), 1315–1323. URL (PDF): http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1021/es0719071 (accessed 05.15.2009).

A1, A2, A3, A5 Kopp, P. 2008. Reduce, recycle, reuse — Iodotyrosine deiodinase in thyroid iodide metabolism. NEJM, 358 (17), 1856–1859. URL: http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/358/17/1856 (accessed 05.12.2009).

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A1–A5, B, C de Benoist, B., et al., eds. 2004. Iodine status worldwide: WHO global database on iodine deficiency. Geneva: World Health Organization. URL (PDF): http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241592001.pdf (accessed 06.11.2009).

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Sage (Salvia officinalis)

B, C Bommer, S., et al. 2011. First time proof of sage’s tolerability and efficacy in menopausal women with hot flushes. Adv. Ther., 28 (6), 490-500. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21630133 (accessed 10.04.2011).

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B, C Walch, S., et al. 2011. Determination of the biologically active flavour substances thujone and camphor in foods and medicines containing sage (Salvia officinalis L.). Chem. Cent. J., 5, 44. URL http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3155476/?tool=pubmed (accessed 10.04.2011).

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B, C Schapowal, A., et al. 2009. Echinacea/sage or chlorhexidine/lidocaine for treating acute sore throats: A randomized double-blind trial. Eur. J. Med. Res., 14 (9), 406-412. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19748859 (accessed 09.29.2011).

B Bozin, B., et al. 2007. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of rosemary and sage (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) essential oils. J. Agric. Food Chem., 55 (19), 7879-7885. URL (abstract): http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf0715323 (accessed 10.04. 2011).

B Fecka, I., & Turek, S. 2007. Determination of water-soluble polyphenolic compounds in commercial herbal teas from Lamiaceae: Peppermint, melissa, and sage. J. Agric. Food Chem., 55 (26), 10908-10917. URL (abstract): http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf072284d (accessed 10.04.2011).

B, C Raal, A., et al. 2007. Composition of the essential oil of Salvia officinalis L. from various European countries. Nat. Prod. Res., 21 (5), 406-411. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17487611 (accessed 10.04.2011).

B, C Hubbert, M., et al. 2006. Efficacy and tolerability of a spray with Salvia officinalis in the treatment of acute pharyngitis — a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with adaptive design and interim analysis. Eur. J. Med. Res., 11 (1), 20-26. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16504956 (accessed 05.16.2011).

B, C Akhondzadeh, S., et al. 2003. Salvia officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: A double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther., 28 (1), 53-59. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12605619 (accessed 05.16.2011).

B, C Miura, K., et al. 2003. Antioxidant activity of chemical components from sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) measured by the oil stability index method. J. AGric. Food Chem., 50 (7), 1845–1851. URL (abstract): http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf011314o (accessed 10.04.2011).

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Selenium

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C Reid, M., et al. 2008. The nutritional prevention of cancer: 400 mcg per day selenium treatment. Nutr. Cancer., 60 (2), 155–163. URL (abstract): h http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18444146 (accessed 09.30.2011).

A1–A3, A5, C Schomburg, L., & Köhrle, J. 2008. On the importance of selenium and iodine metabolism for thyroid hormone biosynthesis and human health. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 52 (11), 1235-1246. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18686295 (accessed 10.04.2011).

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B, C Schroeder, J., et al. 2005. Safety and intestinal tolerance of high-dose enteral antioxidants and glutamine peptides after upper gastrointestinal surgery. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 59 (2), 307-310. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15508015 (accessed 05.16.2011).

A1–A3, A5 Derumeaux, H., et al. 2003. Association of selenium with thyroid volume and echostructure in 35- to 60-year-old French adults. Eur. J. Endocrinol., 148 (3), 309-315. URL: http://eje-online.org/content/148/3/309.long (accessed 10.04.02011).

A1–A3, A5, B Zimmermann, M., & Köhrle, J. 2002. The impact of iron and selenium deficiencies on iodine and thyroid metabolism: Biochemistry and relevance to public health. Thyroid, 12 (10), 867-878. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12487769 (accessed 09.29.2011).

A1–A3, A5, B Berger, M., et al. 2001. Influence of selenium supplements on the post-traumatic alterations of the thyroid axis: A placebo-controlled trial. Intensive Care Med., 27 (1), 91–100. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11280679 (accessed 05.13.2009).

A1–A3, A5 Erdogan, M., et al. 2001. Endemic goiter, thiocyanate overload, and selenium status in school-age children. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 79 (2), 121-130. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11330518 (accessed 09.30.2011).

A1–A3, A5 Giray, B., et al. 2001. Status of selenium and antioxidant enzymes of goitrous children is lower than healthy controls and nongoitrous children with high iodine deficiency. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 82 (1–3), 35-52. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11697777 (accessed 09.29.2011).

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A1–A3, A5, B, C Arthur, J., & Beckette, G. 1999. Trace elements and thyroid function. Br. Med. Bull., 55 (3), 658–668. URL: http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/55/3/658 (accessed 05.13.2009).

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B, C Clark, L., et al. 1996. Effect of selenium supplementation supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. JAMA, 276, 1957–1968. URL: http://www.selenium.arizona.edu/jama/JAMA%20-%20Article%20oc6377.htm (accessed 09.30.2011).

B Whanger, P., et al. 1996. Metabolism of subtoxic levels of selenium in animals and humans. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., 26 (2), 99-113. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8852418 (accessed 10.04.2011).

A1–A3, A5 Olivieri, O., et al. 1995. Low selenium status in the elderly influences thyroid hormones. Clin. Sci. (Lond.), 89 (6) 637–642. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8549083 (accessed 09.30.2011).

B Yang, G., & Zhou, R. 1994. Further observations on the human maximum safe dietary selenium intake in a seleniferous area of China. J. Trace Elem. Electrolytes Health Dis., 8 (3-4), 159-165. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7599506 (accessed 05.16.2011).

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A4, C Brown, M., et al. 1986. Proximal muscle weakness and selenium deficiency associated with long-term parenteral nutrition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 43 (4), 549-554. URL: http://www.ajcn.org/content/43/4/549.long (accessed 10.04.2011).

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