Joint Health Support References

Glucosamine

Crolle G, and D’Este E. Glucosamine sulfate for the management of arthrosis: a controlled clinical investigation. Curr. Res. Med. Opin. 1980; 7:104. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1185/03007998009112035

D’Ambrosio E, Casa B, Bompani R, Scali G, and Scali R. Glucosamine sulfate: a controlled clinical investigation in arthrosis. Pharmatherapeutica 1981; 2:504. https://europepmc.org/article/med/7019929

Engel M, Maurel P, Margolis RK .Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the developing central nervous system. I. Cellular sites of synthesis of neurocan and phosphacan. J Comparative Neurology 1996;366:34-43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8866844/

Lopes Vaz A. Double-blind clinical evaluation of the relative efficacy of ibuprofin and glucosamine sulfate in the management of osteoarthrosis of the knee in outpatients. Curr. Res. Med. Opin.1982; 8:145 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7128187/

McCarty MF. Glucosamine for wound healing. Medical Hypothesis 1996;47:273-275. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8910875/

Morreale P, et al. Comparison of the antiinflammatory efficacy of chondroitin sulfate and diclofenac sodium in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 1996;23:1385-91. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8856618/

Piptone VR. Chondroprotection with chondroitin sulfate. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1991;17 (1):3-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1914834/

Pujalte JM, et al. Double-blind clinical evaluation of oral glucosamine sulfate in the basic treatment of osteoarthrosis. Curr Med Res Opin 1980;7:110- 114. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7002479/

Tapadinhas MJ, Rivera IC, Bignamini AA. Oral glucosamine sulfate in the management of arthrosis: report on a multi-centre open investigation in Portugal.1982;3(3):157-168. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7134225/

Chondroitin

Bagchi M, Balmoori J, Bagchi D, Ray SD, Kuszynski C, Stohs SJ. Smokeless tobacco, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and antioxidants in human oral keratinocytes [published erratum appears in Free Radic Biol Med 1999 Jun;26(11-12):1599]. Free Radic Biol Med 1999;26:992-1000.

Cranton EM, Frackleton JP: Free radical pathology in age-associated disease: treatment with EDTA chelation, nutrition, and antioxidants. J Holistic Med 1984;6:1-36.

Davis BP et al: Enhanced absorption of oral vitamin B12 from a resin ascorbate administered to normal subjects. Manip Physiol Ter 1982;5:123-127. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6752321/

Feher J, Lengyel G, Blazovics A. Oxidative stress in the liver and biliary tract diseases. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1998;228:38-46. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9867111/

Oldham KM, Bowen PE. Oxidative stress in critical care: is antioxidant supplementation beneficial? J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:1001-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9739800/

Seekamp A, Hultquist DE, Till GO. Protection by vitamin B2 against oxidant-mediated acute lung injury. Inflammation 1999;23:449-60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10466581/

Huskisson EC. Glucosamine and chondroitin for osteoarthritis. J Int Med Res. 2008 Nov-Dec;36(6):1161-79. doi: 10.1177/147323000803600602. PMID: 19094424. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19094424/

Wang Y, Li S, Xu X, Tan Y, Liu XW, Fang J. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of homogeneous chondroitin polymers and its derivatives. Carbohydr Polym. 2020 Mar 15;232:115822. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115822. Epub 2019 Dec 31. PMID: 31952617. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31952617/

Schiraldi C, Cimini D, De Rosa M. Production of chondroitin sulfate and chondroitin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2010 Jul;87(4):1209-20. doi: 10.1007/s00253-010-2677-1. Epub 2010 Jun 3. PMID: 20521042. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20521042/

de los Reyes GC, Koda RT, Lien EJ. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfates in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a survey. Prog Drug Res. 2000;55:81-103. doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8385-6_3. PMID: 11127967. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11127967/

Boswellia

Kimmatkar N, Thawani V, Hingorani L, Khiyani R. Efficacy and tolerability of Boswellia serrata extract in treatment of osteoarthritis of knee--a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. Phytomedicine. 2003 Jan;10(1):3-7. doi: 10.1078/094471103321648593. PMID: 12622457. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12622457/

Siddiqui MZ. Boswellia serrata, a potential antiinflammatory agent: an overview. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2011 May;73(3):255-61. doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.93507. PMID: 22457547; PMCID: PMC3309643. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22457547/

Yu G, Xiang W, Zhang T, Zeng L, Yang K, Li J. Effectiveness of Boswellia and Boswellia extract for osteoarthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020 Jul 17;20(1):225. doi: 10.1186/s12906-020-02985-6. PMID: 32680575; PMCID: PMC7368679. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32680575/

Majeed M, Majeed S, Narayanan NK, Nagabhushanam K. A pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel Boswellia serrata extract in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee. Phytother Res. 2019 May;33(5):1457-1468. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6338. Epub 2019 Mar 6. PMID: 30838706; PMCID: PMC6681146. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30838706/

Dragos D, Gilca M, Gaman L, Vlad A, Iosif L, Stoian I, Lupescu O. Phytomedicine in Joint Disorders. Nutrients. 2017 Jan 16;9(1):70. doi: 10.3390/nu9010070. PMID: 28275210PMCID: PMC5295114. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28275210/

Turmeric

Chainani-Wu N. Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: a component of tumeric (Curcuma longa). J Altern Complement Med. 2003 Feb;9(1):161-8. doi: 10.1089/107555303321223035. PMID: 12676044. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12676044/

Jurenka JS. Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma longa: a review of preclinical and clinical research. Altern Med Rev. 2009 Jun;14(2):141-53. Erratum in: Altern Med Rev. 2009 Sep;14(3):277. PMID: 19594223. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19594223/

Panahi Y, Rahimnia AR, Sharafi M, Alishiri G, Saburi A, Sahebkar A. Curcuminoid treatment for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2014 Nov;28(11):1625-31. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5174. Epub 2014 May 22. PMID: 24853120. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24853120/

Krishnaswamy K, Goud VK, Sesikeran B, Mukundan MA, Krishna TP. Retardation of experimental tumorigenesis and reduction in DNA adducts by turmeric and curcumin. Nutr Cancer. 1998;30(2):163-6. doi: 10.1080/01635589809514657. PMID: 9589436. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9589436/

Quercetin

Andres S, Pevny S, Ziegenhagen R, Bakhiya N, Schäfer B, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Lampen A. Safety Aspects of the Use of Quercetin as a Dietary Supplement. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 Jan;62(1). doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700447. Epub 2017 Dec 19. PMID: 29127724. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29127724/

Deepika, Maurya PK. Health Benefits of Quercetin in Age-Related Diseases. Molecules. 2022 Apr 13;27(8):2498. doi: 10.3390/molecules27082498. PMID: 35458696; PMCID: PMC9032170. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35458696/

Qi W, Qi W, Xiong D, Long M. Quercetin: Its Antioxidant Mechanism, Antibacterial Properties and Potential Application in Prevention and Control of Toxipathy. Molecules. 2022 Oct 3;27(19):6545. doi: 10.3390/molecules27196545. PMID: 36235082; PMCID: PMC9571766. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36235082/

Goyal A, Agrawal N. Quercetin: A Potential Candidate for the Treatment of Arthritis. Curr Mol Med. 2022;22(4):325-335. doi: 10.2174/1566524021666210315125330. PMID: 33719956. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33719956/

Beken B, Serttas R, Yazicioglu M, Turkekul K, Erdogan S. Quercetin Improves Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Impaired Wound Healing in Atopic Dermatitis Model of Human Keratinocytes. Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol. 2020 Jun;33(2):69-79. doi: 10.1089/ped.2019.1137. Epub 2020 May 21. PMID: 34678092; PMCID: PMC8443267. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34678092/

Chen X, Liang D, Huang Z, Jia G, Zhao H, Liu G. Anti-fatigue effect of quercetin on enhancing muscle function and antioxidant capacity. J Food Biochem. 2021 Nov;45(11):e13968. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13968. Epub 2021 Oct 14. PMID: 34651301. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34651301/

Bromelain

Hikisz P, Bernasinska-Slomczewska J. Beneficial Properties of Bromelain. Nutrients. 2021 Nov 29;13(12):4313. doi: 10.3390/nu13124313. PMID: 34959865; PMCID: PMC8709142. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34959865/

Maurer HR. Bromelain: biochemistry, pharmacology and medical use. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001 Aug;58(9):1234-45. doi: 10.1007/PL00000936. PMID: 11577981. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11577981/

Taussig SJ, Batkin S. Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacol. 1988 Feb-Mar;22(2):191-203. doi: 10.1016/0378-8741(88)90127-4. PMID: 3287010. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3287010/

Esen E, Bayar Muluk N, Vejselova Sezer C, Kutlu HM, Cingi C. Bromelain: a candidate to enhance wound healing after endonasal surgeries. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023 Mar;27(2 Suppl):33-38. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202303_31699. PMID: 36971218. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36971218/

Ferah Okkay I, Okkay U, Bayram C, Cicek B, Sezen S, Aydin IC, Mendil AS, Hacimuftuoglu A. Bromelain protects against cisplatin-induced ocular toxicity through mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2023 Jan;46(1):69-76. doi: 10.1080/01480545.2021.2011308. Epub 2021 Dec 13. PMID: 34894956. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34894956/

Insuan O, Janchai P, Thongchuai B, Chaiwongsa R, Khamchun S, Saoin S, Insuan W, Pothacharoen P, Apiwatanapiwat W, Boondaeng A, Vaithanomsat P. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Pineapple Rhizome Bromelain through Downregulation of the NF-κB- and MAPKs-Signaling Pathways in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2021 May 7;43(1):93-106. doi: 10.3390/cimb43010008. PMID: 34067064; PMCID: PMC8929103. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34067064/

Methionine

McAuley DF, Hanratty CG, McGurk C, Nugent AG, Johnston GD. Effect of methionine supplementation on endothelial function, plasma homocysteine, and lipid peroxidation. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37(4):435-40. doi: 10.1081/clt-100102433. PMID: 10465239. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10465239/

Shaw GM, Velie EM, Schaffer DM. Is dietary intake of methionine associated with a reduction in risk for neural tube defect-affected pregnancies? Teratology. 1997 Nov;56(5):295-9. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199711)56:5 3.0.CO;2-X. PMID: 9451752. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9451752/

Young SN, Shalchi M. The effect of methionine and S-adenosylmethionine on S-adenosylmethionine levels in the rat brain. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2005 Jan;30(1):44-8. PMID: 15644997; PMCID: PMC543840. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15644997/

Toborek M, Hennig B. Is methionine an atherogenic amino acid? J Optimal Nutr 1994;3:80–3. Uden S, Bilton D, Nathan L, et al. Antioxidant therapy for recurrent pancreatitis: placebo-controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1990;4:357–71.

MSM

Butawan M, Benjamin RL, Bloomer RJ. Methylsulfonylmethane: Applications and Safety of a Novel Dietary Supplement. Nutrients. 2017 Mar 16;9(3):290. doi: 10.3390/nu9030290. PMID: 28300758; PMCID: PMC5372953. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28300758/

Brien S, Prescott P, Bashir N, Lewith H, Lewith G. Systematic review of the nutritional supplements dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008 Nov;16(11):1277-88. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.03.002. Epub 2008 Apr 15. PMID: 18417375. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18417375/

Kim LS, Axelrod LJ, Howard P, Buratovich N, Waters RF. Efficacy of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) in osteoarthritis pain of the knee: a pilot clinical trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2006 Mar;14(3):286-94. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2005.10.003. Epub 2005 Nov 23. PMID: 16309928. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16309928/

Miller L, Thompson K, Pavlenco C, Mettu VS, Haverkamp H, Skaufel S, Basit A, Prasad B, Larsen J. The Effect of Daily Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) Consumption on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Healthy Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2021 Oct 15;13(10):3620. doi: 10.3390/nu13103620. PMID: 34684621; PMCID: PMC8540167. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34684621/

Henrotin Y, Mobasheri A. Natural Products for Promoting Joint Health and Managing Osteoarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2018 Sep 19;20(11):72. doi: 10.1007/s11926-018-0782-9. PMID: 30232562. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30232562/

Cömert Kılıç S. Does glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and methylsulfonylmethane supplementation improve the outcome of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis management with arthrocentesis plus intraarticular hyaluronic acid injection. A randomized clinical trial. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2021 Aug;49(8):711-718. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2021.02.012. Epub 2021 Feb 22. PMID: 33685850. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33685850/